How Do You Know Who’s Right? III

In scientifically sound studies, researchers allow for variations by using a device called controls. Controls are experimental subjects who are exposed to exactly the same conditions as the test subjects—those receiving treatment— except that they do not receive the treatment being tested. Ideally, this should be the only variable between control and experimental groups. Controls […]

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How Do You Know Who’s Right? II

Successful prediction by a hypothesis is considered strong evidence in support of its validity. Thus, tests for various logical consequences of a hypothesis are devised. For example, Einstein’s general theory of relativity required that a ray of light passing a massive object (such as a star) would be bent by the gravitational field of that […]

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