Catecholamines are responsible for a number of different effects in normal humans. They are involved in control of locomotor (moving about) behavior, aggressive behavior, sexual behavior, food intake, and behavior dependent upon positive (reward) and negative (punishment) reinforcement. Acetylcholine controls muscle tone and motor activity and has a role in memory, learning, and long-term planning, as well as in
primitive emotions and drives.
Stimulants of the dopaminergic system (nerve cells using dopamine as the neurotransmitter) can cause the release of the pituitary gland’s growth hormone, which is needed for growth and healing and also for proper functioning of the immune system. As humans age, the brain levels of dopamine and norepinephrine fall off. Without adequate quantities of
these neurotransmitters, motivation is lost—people become apathetic and don’t care about living any more. (This process may even be triggered by an aging clock in the brain. The dopaminergic system might be turned off, leading to loss of sexual interest and of the will to live, resulting in death shortly thereafter.) The release of growth hormone also falls off sharply with age, which accounts in part for the deficits that develop in the immune system’s ability to resist infectious and autoimmune diseases, cancer, and atherosclerotic plaques (a type of tumor) in older people. Depression due to inadequate levels of neurotransmitters is also very common in the elderly.
As Metchnikoff observed in the early 1900s, attacks by white blood cells upon the body’s own nerve cells become increasingly common with advancing age. Many degenerative nervous disorders are believed due to this type of attack, including multiple sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru (triggered by a viral attack), and perhaps Alzheimer’s disease
(a type of senility). These attacks on nerve cells by immune system cells results from defective control of the immune system.
Acetylcholine causes the release of the hormone vasopressin, a memory and learning chemical as well as a regulator of urine volume and, to a slight extent, blood pressure. In the mid-1960s, Dr. Friedman and his co-workers obtained life extensions in aging rats with whole posterior pituitary extract,
which contains vasopressin and a closely related hormone, oxytocin.
PIC HERE
Are you interested in life extension products?
mod4all ships all major brands of Modafinil from the UK
All products shipped from the UK by tracked post. We guarantee delivery.
We guarantee delivery, free reshipping.
Any questions at all about payments, shipping, etc. Anything at all, just email us.
Comments (0)