Hydergine® (made by Sandoz), a prescription drug, can prevent a considerable amount of the damage caused by free radicals in the brain. It is a very powerful antioxidant. It is useful in older persons who have a degree of cerebral hypoxia (insufficient oxygen), in preventing birth defects resulting from inadequate oxygen to the fetal brain (the usual cause of
cerebral palsy), in accident victims who have suffered periods of inadequate oxygen (as in drownings); in stroke which involves extensive hypoxic free radical damage, and in normal persons, who have been shown to develop increased intelligence by using Hydergine®. In one study involving normal volunteers, 12 milligrams of Hydergine® per day for two
weeks resulted in improved alertness and cognitive functions, including the ability to conceptually abstract (to identify patterns in a series of line drawings).
Free radical quenchers can improve the immune defense responses of both T-cells (manager and killer white cells) and B-cells (antibody-making cells, which usually receive their instructions from the T-cells). Effective tested antioxidant compounds include vitamin A, the food antioxidant BHT, the
amino acid cysteine, 2-MEA, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc.
Lipofuscin aging pigment, which accumulates in nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and in skin, appears to contain peroxidized fats and cross-linked breakdown products, as well as proteinaceous material. The accumulation of age pigments probably causes brain damage, and Hydergine® can reduce the rate of age pigment accumulation in neurons by a factor
of about four.
A rather unexpected finding has been that feeding antioxidants to pregnant mice resulted in an increased offspring life span. Swiss female mice were placed on a semi-synthetic diet to which was added either nothing (controls), Santoquin® brand ethoxyquin (a synthetic antioxidant), 2-MEA (2-mer- captoethylamine), vitamin E acetate; sodium hypophosphite
(another food additive antioxidant), or ethoxyquin plus sodium hypophosphite. The mice were mated after one month on the diet. At weaning, the offspring were placed on a commercial diet. In male offspring, 2-MEA and sodium hypophosphite were most effective in extending life span. Ethoxyquin and 2-MEA were most effective in extending life span of female offspring. These fascinating results may be due to the reduction of free radical damage to the eggs and embryos by the antioxidants.
It’s a question that could hardly have arisen at a busier time for the molecular biology group of Monsanto’s Research Dept. For one thing, a pressing series of studies are afoot on the company’s Polaris, a higher sugar-producing treatment for ripening cane. The studies are trying to unravel the exact biochemical mechanism of why the compound can promote up to 15% more sucrose in the harvest. Is it the effect on invertase level? Why
is there less response when ripening conditions approach the ideal?
In the middle of it, this intriguing aging question has arisen, too important to be set aside.
Is it possible that the company’s well-established and, long- commercialized Santoquine feed antioxidant has this unexplored effect? The ability to slow the aging process in living bodies would include poultry, and that could perhaps be a way to prolong the producing life of chick breeders and laying hens. The same age-delaying mechanism might extend the siring virility of
top-of-breed horses, bulls and boars and stretch out the milk- giving period of dairy cows. It might give pet dogs and cats a longer lease on life.
The published studies to date on slowing the aging process with antioxidant ingestion are scarcely definitive. There’s too little data to show that it will, but too much to say that it won’t. Yet the research programs necessary to check all this out will take a long, long time.
Nevertheless, in the struggle to produce more food, no by- way can be left unexplored.
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