Regeneration: Born-Again Limbs and Organs II

When some tissues are injured, cells may become de-differentiated, a reversal of differentiation. The de-differentiated cells form a mass of cells called a blastema, which, as healing proceeds, becomes once again differentiated into the type of cells which originally formed it. In order for regeneration of a limb or organ to take place, some of […]

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Cross-linked Molecules and Aging in Skin, Arteries, and Other Tissues I

Empiricism may serve to accumulate facts, but it will never build science. The experimenter who does not know what he is looking for will not understand what he finds. —Claude Bernard, 1813-1878 When your skin wrinkles, or arteries or bread hardens, or rubber becomes brittle, or old Jell-O® stiffens, we are seeing examples of the […]

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We are all getting older I

“I mean,” she [Alice] said, “that one can’t help growing older.” “One can’t, perhaps,” said Humpty Dumpty, “but two can. With proper assistance, you might have left off at seven.” —Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland Although conceptions of aging differ among lay persons and even among scientists, we all know that aging accelerates as time […]

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