The body has natural processes by which it removes lipofuscin from cells,
involving detergent-like compounds. However, the rate of removal falls farther and farther behind the rate of accumulation. (Even a 3-month-old fetus may have some lipofuscin in some of its nerve cells!) The cholinergic drugs Deaner® and centrophenoxine have been experimentally shown in animals to speed up lipofuscin removal from nerve and skin cells. You
can see the brown age spots fade away in the skin over a period of several months to a couple of years. (Freckles, birthmarks, and normal skin pigment are melanin rather than lipofuscin and do not fade away.) The removal of age spots can be achieved in humans through the use of at least 300 milligrams of Deaner® per day plus plenty of nutrient antiox-
idants, such as vitamins A, B-1, B-5, B-6, C, and E, the minerals zinc and selenium, and so on.
The peroxidation (uncontrolled oxidation) of fatty acids in the brain is probably a causative factor in the development of sensory and cognitive deficits in old age. If so, much of this damage is preventable using antioxidants. In experiments with rats, polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from precursors of linolenic and linoleic acids (found in safflower oil, for example) were found to be important functional components of photoreceptor cell membranes in the eye. The position and number of unsaturated bonds appeared to control the electrical response of the photoreceptor cell membrane. Similar results have been found for the “hair cells” of the cochlea—in the human ear. The sound-sensing nerves in the ear require these highly unsaturated (and highly subject to peroxidation)
fatty acids. Zinc deficiency seems to play a role in the loss of taste and odor perception, and zinc helps protect lipids from peroxidation as a part of the antioxidant-enzyme superoxide dismutase.
A drug which can improve brain function is Hydergine®, the prescription drug also produced by Sandoz that has appeared frequently in earlier posts. As we have mentioned before, this drug has few side effects (it should not be used by persons sensitive to it and in acute or chronic psychosis) and
has been used for many years by patients in the United States and Europe. According to a Sandoz representative, Hydergine® is the world’s fifth most popular prescription drug. Hydergine® is used for several disparate disorders, but its versatility is less well known in the United States due to FDA restrictions on advertising claims. Hydergine® affects both the noradrenergic (NE) and the dopaminergic nervous systems in the brain. The dopaminergic system is involved in emotions, motivation, brain-stem autonomic activities (the monitoring of breathing, for example), ambitious and aggressive drives, hunger and eating, sexual drive, territoriality, mo-
tor activity, and stimulation of release of hormones such as growth hormone. Hydergine® seems to modulate nerve-cell control mechanisms so that the cellular response to the other neural stimuli is neither too great nor too little. Hydergine® “normalizes” the cellular control mechanism involving cyclic AMP, the “second messenger” that responds to nerve signals by carrying the message from the nerve cell’s outer membrane to the cell’s internal machinery. Although caffeine affects neurons by a similar mechanism, also. involving cyclic AMP, Hydergine® acts more selectively than caffeine and hence does not cause the letdowns and jitters that occur after drinking too much coffee.
Hydergine® can do a number of things to help prevent or correct aging in the brain. It increases protein synthesis in the brain (required for memory), stabilizes brain EEG energies even under conditions of low oxygen supply (such as shock, atherosclerosis, drowning, heart attack, emphysema, or
stroke), slows by a factor of about four the rate of formation of the age pigment lipofuscin in the brain, improves memory and learning, and stimulates the growth of neurites (nerve cell connections required for forming new memories that are gradually lost during aging). Both the brain’s own natural hormone nerve growth factor (NGF) and Hydergine® seem to work by the same biochemical pathway to cause neurite
growth. The greatest levels of NGF and highest numbers of neurites in the human brain are found in 2-year-olds. Without a supplement of an NGF-like substance such as Hydergine®, to boost neurite growth, it’s downhill all the way after the age of 2. Hydergine® may help you regain that effortless learning ability you had as a child. With Hydergine® therapy it may
take at least six months to two years for the regeneration of neurites to achieve optimal improvement in mental function.
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