Empiricism may serve to accumulate facts, but it will
never build science. The experimenter who does not know
what he is looking for will not understand what he finds.
—Claude Bernard, 1813-1878
When your skin wrinkles, or arteries or bread hardens, or rubber becomes brittle, or old Jell-O® stiffens, we are seeing examples of the same aging process, called cross-linking. As we age, many tissues are cross-linked, so that our proteins lose their flexibility and our biochemical blueprints (DNA and RNA) give faulty instructions to our cells. Cross-linking increases our risks of cancer and atherosclerosis and makes us grow stiff with age. Many everyday substances found naturally in our bodies, as well as in cigarette smoke, and formed in the body during alcohol use, and exposure of skin to sunlight, can cause undesirable cross-linking. By taking certain nutrients, we can reduce this unwanted cross-linking in our bodies as well as gradually undo some of the pathological cross-linking that has already taken place, thereby restoring some of our youthful flexibility.
What do tanned leather, old hard bread, brittle windshield wipers, wrinkled skin, cracked plastic lawn furniture, and hardened arteries have in common? They have all been cross-linked, a process in which some undesirable chemical bonds interconnect molecules in the food, leather, rubber, skin, plastic, or arteries. The result is a loss of flexibility and
an increased tendency to tear. Cross-linked arteries are hard, inflexible, and can no longer pulse normally as the blood is pumped by the heart. Such arteries contribute to high blood pressure and can even “blow out,” resulting in internal bleeding (hemorrhage). Wrinkled skin is a reflection of cross-linking that happens in other body tissues, as well as that caused
by skin’s exposure to ultraviolet light in sunlight, a damage source not affecting internal body systems. The nutrient PABA (a B vitamin), particularly in the form of its esters, is a very effective sun block which helps protect the skin from cross-linking by exposure to ultraviolet light.
Cross-linking is the progressive formation of chemical bonds as bridges between large molecules such as proteins (your structural framework and metabolic machinery) and nucleic acids (your blueprints).
Some carefully controlled cross-linked bonds are necessary for life; however, undesirable cross-linking damage builds up over time. Many agents in our environment and others made in our bodies as part of normal metabolism can cause this cross-linking damage. Acetaldehyde is a chemical
found in cigarette smoke and smog. It is also made in the liver from the alcohol people drink and also from the alcohol we all naturally make in our own bodies. Acetaldehyde is a potent cross-linker. Dr. Herbert Sprince and his co-workers discovered a combination of nutrients which provide 100
percent survival in rats given a dose of acetaldehyde large enough to kill 90 percent of unprotected rats. This combination is vitamin C, vitamin B-1, and the amino acid cysteine (found in eggs and occasionally at health food stores or drug- stores).
A very common source of cross-linking damage is due to free radicals, chemically reactive entities created by radiation, from breakdown of rancid fats in the body, and as part of normal metabolism, as well as other sources.
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are the master and working copies of your cell’s blueprints (which determine how your cells are constructed and how they operate). These molecules can be cross-linked too, and when they are, they may not function properly, leading to abnormal cells. Cancer can
even result. It is thought that damage to DNA is a principal cause of aging.
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